يوشيا يزيل عبادة الأصنام
(2أخ 34:29-32)1 واسْتَدعى المَلِكُ جميعَ شُيوخِ يَهوذا وأورُشليمَ، 2 وصَعِدوا إلى الهَيكلِ معَ الكهنَةِ والأنبـياءِ وجميعِ سُكَّانِ أورُشليمَ ويَهوذا، مِنَ الصَّغيرِ إلى الكبـيرِ، فتَلا على مَسامِعِهِم جميعَ ما ورَدَ في كِتابِ العَهدِ الّذي وُجِدَ في الهَيكلِ. 3 ووقَفَ المَلِكُ على المَنبَرِ وعاهَدَ الرّبَّ على أنَّ الشَّعبَ يَتبَعونَهُ ويَعمَلونَ بِوَصاياهُ وإرشاداتِهِ وفرائِضِهِ بِكُلِّ قلوبِهِم وكُلِّ نُفوسِهِم، لِـيُحَقِّقوا كلامَ العَهدِ الّذي ورَدَ في الكتابِ فالتَزَمَ الشَّعبُ كُلُّهم بِالعَهدِ الّذي قطَعَهُ المَلِكُ.
4 وأمرَ المَلِكُ حَلْقيَّا الكاهنَ العظيمَ وكهَنَةَ الرُّتبَةِ الثَّانيةِ مِنْ مُعاونيهِ، وحُرَّاسِ بابِ الهَيكلِ، أنْ يُخرِجوا مِنْ هَيكلِ الرّبِّ جميعَ الأدواتِ المَصنوعةِ لِلبَعل ولأشيرةَ ولِكواكِبِ السَّماءِ، فأحرَقَها خارِجَ أورُشليمَ في وادي قَدرونَ، وحمَلَ رمادَها إلى بَيتَ إيلَ. 5 وعزَلَ كهَنَةَ الأصنامِ الّذينَ أقامَهُم مُلوكُ يَهوذا ليَحرُقوا البَخورَ على المُرتَفَعاتِ في مُدُنِ يَهوذا وحَولَ أورُشليمَ، والّذينَ كانوا يحرُقونَ الذَّبائحَ لِلبَعلِ، ولِلشَّمسِ والقمرِ والكواكِبِ ولِنُجومِ السَّماءِ. 6 وأخرَجَ صَنَمَ أشيرةَ مِنَ الهَيكلِ خارِجَ أورُشليمَ، إلى وادي قَدرونَ، فأحرَقَهُ هُناكَ وحَوَّلَهُ غُبارا وذَرَّهُ على قُبورِ عامَّةِ الشَّعبِ. 7 وهدَمَ بُيوتَ البَغاءِ المُكَرَّسِ الّتي في دارِ الهَيكلِ، حَيثُ كانَتِ النِّساءُ يَنسُجْنَ ثيابا لأشيرةَ. 8 وأخرَجَ جميعَ الكهَنةِ مِنْ مُدُنِ يَهوذا، ونَجَّسَ المُرتَفَعاتِ حَيثُ كانوا يحرُقونَ الذَّبائِـحَ، مِنْ جَبَعَ إلى بِئْرَ سَبْعَ، وهدَمَ المذابِـحَ الوثَنيَّةَ الّتي عِندَ مدخَلِ بابِ يَشوعَ رئيسِ المدينةِ وكانَت إلى يَسارِ بابِ المدينةِ. 9 على أنَّ كهَنَةَ هذِهِ المذابِـحِ لم يَسمَحْ لهُم بِالصُّعودِ إلى مذبَحِ الرّبِّ في أورُشليمَ، بل كان يَسمحُ لهُم بِتَناوُلِ الفطيرِ معَ زُمَلائِهِم الكهنَةِ. 10 ونَجَّسَ المَلِكُ مَعبدَ توفَةَ الّذي في وادي بَني هِنُّومَ لِئلاَّ يحرُقَ أحدٌ ابنَهُ أوِ ابنَتَهُ في النَّارِ ذبـيحةً للإلَهِ مُولَكَ. 11 وأزالَ الخَيلَ الّتي كَرَّسَها مُلوكُ يَهوذا لِعِبادةِ الشَّمسِ، وأحرقَ المَركباتِ الّتي كانَت تُستَخدَمُ في عِبادتِها، وهذِهِ كُلُّها كانَت عِندَ مدخَلِ بَيتِ الهَيكلِ قُربَ مَسكِنِ نَثنَمْلَكَ رئيسِ الحُجَّابِ. 12 كذلِكَ هدَمَ يوشيَّا المذابِـحَ الّتي بَناها مُلوكُ يَهوذا على سَطحِ غُرفَةِ المَلِكِ آحازَ، والمذابِـحَ الّتي أقامَها المَلِكُ منَسَّى في دارَي الهَيكلِ، وسحَقَ حجارَتَها وذرَّى غُبارَها في وادي قدرونَ. 13 ونَجَّسَ المَعابِدَ الّتي على المُرتَفعاتِ قُبالَةَ أورُشليمَ، إلى يَمينِ جبَلِ الزَّيتونِ، وهيَ الّتي بَناها سُليمانُ مَلِكُ إِسرائيلَ للآلِهةِ الأرجاسِ: عَشتَروتَ إلهةِ الصَّيدونيِّينَ، ولِكَموشَ إلهِ الموآبـيِّينَ، ولِمَلكومَ إلهِ بَني عَمُّونَ. 14 وحَطَّمَ الأصنامَ وقطَعَ أصنامَ أشيرةَ ومَلأَ أماكِنَها مِنْ عِظامِ النَّاسِ.
15 وهدَمَ يوشيَّا مذبَحَ بَيتَِ إيلَ، الّذي في المَعبدِ هُناكَ، والّذي أقامَهُ يَرُبعامُ بنُ نَباطَ الّذي خَطِـئَ وجعَلَ شعبَ إِسرائيلَ يَخطَأُ، وحطَّمَ المَعبدَ وسحَقَ حجارَتَه غُبارا، وأحرَقَ صنَمَ أشيرةَ. 16 والتَفَتَ يوشيَّا، فرأى القُبورَ الّتي هُناكَ في الجبَلِ، فأرسلَ وأخذَ العِظامَ مِنها، فأحرقَها على المذبَحِ ونَجَّسَهُ، فتَمَّ قولُ الرّبِّ الّذي نادى بهِ رَجُلُ اللهِ مِنْ قَبلُ. 17 وسألَ المَلِكُ يوشيَّا: «ما هذِهِ الرُّجمَةُ الّتي أرى؟» فأجابَهُ أهلُ المدينةِ: «هيَ قبرُ رَجُلِ اللهِ الّذي جاءَ مِنْ يَهوذا وتنَبَّأَ بِما فَعَلْتَهُ بِمَذبَحِ بَيتَ إيلَ». 18 فقالَ: «أُترُكوهُ. لا يُحَرِّكُ أحدٌ عِظامَهُ». فصانوا عِظامَهُ وعِظامَ النَّبـيِّ الّذي جاءَ مِنَ السَّامِرةِ. 19 وأزالَ يوشيَّا جميعَ بُيوتِ العِبادةِ على المُرتَفَعاتِ الّتي في مُدُنِ السَّامِرةِ، وكانَ بَناها مُلوكُ إِسرائيلَ لإغاظةِ الرّبِّ، وفعَلَ بِها كما فعَلَ في بَيتَ إيلَ. 20 وذبَحَ على المذابِـحِ الّتي على المُرتَفَعاتِ جميعَ الكهَنَةِ الّذينَ كانوا هُناكَ، وأحرقَ عِظامَ النَّاسِ علَيها، ورجَعَ إلى أورُشليمَ.
يوشيا يحتفل بالفصح
(2أخ 35:18-19)21 وأمرَ المَلِكُ جميعَ الشَّعبِ: «أقيموا فِصْحا لِلرّبِّ إلهِكُم، كما هوَ مكتوبٌ في سِفْرِ هذا العَهدِ». 22 ولم يكُن فِصْحٌ مِثلهُ في أيّامِ أيِّ مَلِكٍ مِنْ مُلوكِ إِسرائيلَ ويَهوذا ولا في أيّامِ القُضاةِ الّذينَ حكَموا في إِسرائيلَ. 23 وكانَ ذلِكَ الفِصْحُ في أورُشليمَ في السَّنةِ الثَّامنةَ عَشْرَةَ لِلمَلِكِ يوشيَّا.
24 وأزالَ يوشيَّا السَّحرَةَ والعَرَّافينَ والتَّرافيمَ والأصنامَ وجميعَ الأرجاسِ الّتي كانَت في أرضِ يَهوذا وفي أورُشليمَ، وبِذلِكَ عَمِلَ بِما ورَدَ في كتابِ الشَّريعةِ الّذي وجَدَهُ حَلْقيَّا الكاهنُ في الهَيكلِ. 25 وما كانَ قَبلَ يوشيَّا ولا بَعدَهُ مَلِكٌ مِثلُهُ، لأنَّهُ تابَ إلى الرّبِّ بِكُلِّ قَلبِهِ وكُلِّ قُدرَتِه كما هوَ مكتوبٌ في شَريعةِ موسى.
26 ورُغمَ هذا، لم يَرجِـعِ الرّبُّ عَنْ شِدَّةِ غضَبِهِ العظيمِ على يَهوذا، لِكثرةِ ما أغاظَهُ المَلِكُ منَسَّى. 27 وقالَ الرّبُّ: «سأُبعِدُ يَهوذا أيضا مِنْ أمامِ وجهي، كما أبعَدْتُ إِسرائيلَ، وأتخَلَّى عَنْ هذِهِ المدينةِ أورُشليمَ الّتي اختَرتُها والهَيكلِ الّذي قُلتُ عَنهُ: يكونُ اسمي هُناكَ».
نهاية عهد يوشيا
28 وما بَقيَ مِنْ أخبارِ يوشيَّا وأعمالِهِ، مُدَوَّنٌ في سِفْرِ أخبارِ الأيّامِ لِمُلوكِ يَهوذا. 29 وفي أيّامِهِ صَعِدَ فِرعَونُ نَخوَ، مَلِكُ مِصْرَ، إلى نهرِ الفُراتِ لِمُساعَدةِ مَلِكِ أشُّورَ، فاعتَرَضَهُ المَلِكُ يوشيَّا فقتَلَهُ فِرعَونُ في مَجدُّو. 30 فعادَ بهِ رِجالُه مَيتا مِنْ مَجدُّو، وجاؤوا بهِ إلى أورُشليمَ ودَفَنوهُ في قبرِهِ. فاختارَ شعبُ يَهوذا يوآحازَ بنَ يوشيَّا وأقاموهُ مَلِكا مكانَ أبـيهِ.
يوآحاز يخلف يوشيا
(2أخ 36:2-4)31 وكانَ يوآحازُ ابنَ ثَلاثٍ وعشرينَ سَنةً حينَ ملَكَ، ودامَ مُلْكُهُ ثَلاثَةَ أشهُرٍ بأورُشليمَ. واسمُ أمِّهِ حَموطَلُ بِنتُ إرميا مِنْ لِبنَةَ. 32 وفعَلَ الشَّرَّ في نظَرِ الرّبِّ كآبائِهِ. 33 فأسَرَهُ فِرعَونُ نَخوَ في رَبلَةَ مِنْ أرضِ حماةَ مُنهِيا بِذلِكَ مُلْكَهُ بِأورُشليمَ، وغَرَّمَ شعبَ يَهوذا أربعَةَ عشَرَ قِنطارَ فِضَّةٍ وأربعةَ عشَرَ رَطْلَ ذهَبٍ. 34 وأقامَ فِرعَونُ نَخوَ ألياقيمَ بنَ يوشيَّا مَلِكا مكانَ أبـيهِ، واستَبدَلَ اسمَهُ بـيوياقيمَ، وأخذَ أخاهُ يوآحازَ إلى مِصْرَ حيثُ ماتَ. 35 وأمَّا يوياقيمُ ففَرَضَ على الشَّعبِ ضَريـبةً، كُلُّ واحدٍ بِـحسَبِ طاقَتِهِ، ليَدفَعَ إلى فِرعَونَ نَخوَ ما فرَضَهُ علَيهِ مِن الفِضَّةِ والذَّهبِ.
يوياقيم ملك يهوذا
36 وكانَ يوياقيمُ ابنَ خمسٍ وعشرينَ سَنةً حينَ ملَكَ، ودامَ مُلْكُهُ إحدى عَشْرَةَ سنَةً بِأورُشليمَ. واسمُ أمِّهِ زَبـيدَةُ بِنتُ فِدايةَ من رُومَةَ. 37 وفعَلَ الشَّرَّ في نظَرِ الرّبِّ كآبائِهِ.
Josiah Does Away with Pagan Worship
(2 Chronicles 34.3-72 29-33)1 King Josiah summoned all the leaders of Judah and Jerusalem, 2 and together they went to the Temple, accompanied by the priests and the prophets and all the rest of the people, rich and poor alike. Before them all the king read aloud the whole book of the covenant which had been found in the Temple. 3 He stood by the royal column and made a covenant with the Lord to obey him, to keep his laws and commands with all his heart and soul, and to put into practice the demands attached to the covenant, as written in the book. And all the people promised to keep the covenant.
4 Then Josiah ordered the High Priest Hilkiah, his assistant priests, and the guards on duty at the entrance to the Temple to bring out of the Temple all the objects used in the worship of Baal, of the goddess Asherah, and of the stars. The king burned all these objects outside the city near Kidron Valley and then had the ashes taken to Bethel. 5 He removed from office the priests that the kings of Judah had ordained to offer sacrifices on the pagan altars in the cities of Judah and in places near Jerusalem—all the priests who offered sacrifices to Baal, to the sun, the moon, the planets, and the stars. 6 He removed from the Temple the symbol of the goddess Asherah, took it out of the city to Kidron Valley, burned it, pounded its ashes to dust, and scattered it over the public burying ground. 7 He destroyed the living quarters in the Temple occupied by the temple prostitutes. (It was there that women wove robes used in the worship of Asherah.) 8 He brought to Jerusalem the priests who were in the cities of Judah, and throughout the whole country he desecrated the altars where they had offered sacrifices. He also tore down the altars dedicated to the goat demons near the gate built by Joshua, the city governor, which was to the left of the main gate as one enters the city. 9 Those priests were not allowed to serve in the Temple, but they could eat the unleavened bread provided for their fellow priests.
10 King Josiah also desecrated Topheth, the pagan place of worship in Hinnom Valley, so that no one could sacrifice his son or daughter as a burnt offering to the god Molech. 11 He also removed the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the worship of the sun, and he burned the chariots used in this worship. (These were kept in the temple courtyard, near the gate and not far from the living quarters of Nathan Melech, a high official.) 12 The altars which the kings of Judah had built on the palace roof above King Ahaz' quarters, King Josiah tore down, along with the altars put up by King Manasseh in the two courtyards of the Temple; he smashed the altars to bits and threw them into Kidron Valley. 13 Josiah desecrated the altars that King Solomon had built east of Jerusalem, south of the Mount of Olives, for the worship of disgusting idols—Astarte the goddess of Sidon, Chemosh the god of Moab, and Molech the god of Ammon. 14 King Josiah broke the stone pillars to pieces, cut down the symbols of the goddess Asherah, and the ground where they had stood he covered with human bones.
15 Josiah also tore down the place of worship in Bethel, which had been built by King Jeroboam son of Nebat, who led Israel into sin. Josiah pulled down the altar, broke its stones into pieces, and pounded them to dust; he also burned the image of Asherah. 16 Then Josiah looked around and saw some tombs there on the hill; he had the bones taken out of them and burned on the altar. In this way he desecrated the altar, doing what the prophet had predicted long before during the festival as King Jeroboam was standing by the altar. King Josiah looked around and saw the tomb of the prophet who had made this prediction. 17 “Whose tomb is that?” he asked.
The people of Bethel answered, “It is the tomb of the prophet who came from Judah and predicted these things that you have done to this altar.”
18 “Leave it as it is,” Josiah ordered. “His bones are not to be moved.”
So his bones were not moved, neither were those of the prophet who had come from Samaria.
19 In every city of Israel King Josiah tore down all the pagan places of worship which had been built by the kings of Israel, who thereby aroused the Lord's anger. He did to all those altars what he had done in Bethel. 20 He killed all the pagan priests on the altars where they served, and he burned human bones on every altar. Then he returned to Jerusalem.
Josiah Celebrates the Passover
(2 Chronicles 35.1-19)21 King Josiah ordered the people to celebrate the Passover in honor of the Lord their God, as written in the book of the covenant. 22 No Passover like this one had ever been celebrated by any of the kings of Israel or of Judah, since the time when judges ruled the nation. 23 Now at last, in the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah, the Passover was celebrated in Jerusalem.
Other Changes Made by Josiah
24 In order to enforce the laws written in the book that the High Priest Hilkiah had found in the Temple, King Josiah removed from Jerusalem and the rest of Judah all the mediums and fortunetellers, and all the household gods, idols, and all other pagan objects of worship. 25 There had never been a king like him before, who served the Lord with all his heart, mind, and strength, obeying all the Law of Moses; nor has there been a king like him since.
26 But the Lord's fierce anger had been aroused against Judah by what King Manasseh had done, and even now it did not die down. 27 The Lord said, “I will do to Judah what I have done to Israel: I will banish the people of Judah from my sight, and I will reject Jerusalem, the city I chose, and the Temple, the place I said was where I should be worshiped.”
The End of Josiah's Reign
(2 Chronicles 35.20—36.1)28 Everything else that King Josiah did is recorded in The History of the Kings of Judah. 29 While Josiah was king, King Neco of Egypt led an army to the Euphrates River to help the emperor of Assyria. King Josiah tried to stop the Egyptian army at Megiddo and was killed in battle. 30 His officials placed his body in a chariot and took it back to Jerusalem, where he was buried in the royal tombs.
The people of Judah chose Josiah's son Joahaz and anointed him king.
King Joahaz of Judah
(2 Chronicles 36.2-4)31 Joahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled in Jerusalem for three months. His mother was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah from the city of Libnah. 32 Following the example of his ancestors, he sinned against the Lord. 33 His reign ended when King Neco of Egypt took him prisoner in Riblah, in the land of Hamath, and made Judah pay 7,500 pounds of silver and 75 pounds of gold as tribute. 34 King Neco made Josiah's son Eliakim king of Judah as successor to Josiah, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. Joahaz was taken to Egypt by King Neco, and there he died.
King Jehoiakim of Judah
(2 Chronicles 36.5-8)35 King Jehoiakim collected a tax from the people in proportion to their wealth, in order to raise the amount needed to pay the tribute demanded by the king of Egypt.
36 Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king of Judah, and he ruled in Jerusalem for eleven years. His mother was Zebidah, the daughter of Pedaiah from the town of Rumah. 37 Following the example of his ancestors, Jehoiakim sinned against the Lord.